Cylinder grinding tool



May 30, 1933- F. G. WACKER 'ET AL I CYLINDER GRINDING TOOL Filed April 9, 1930 ,ZZZ/ (27 F716 r Trader/L012 G. Wac/aer Harm/z Zmwmrmn W 744W, 5

Patented May 30, 1933 rannamox e. wacxaa AND .nnaua'n assmnoas r0 'au'rono'rrvn w. zmmmnr, or 'cnrcaoo, more,

mnq'rnmmcn monmanr' co., or onroaeo.

rumors, a ooarona'rrouor rumors cnmna Gamma 'roor.

Application filed s in a,

Our invention relates generally to cylinder-grinding tools of a character well adapted to brin the surface of the cylinder to true cylindricity, accurate diameter and smooth finish, and has to do particularly with socalled dry grinding: tools of this character.

In the grinding of cylinders with abrasive tools, two methods have been employed; namely, wet grinding and dry grinding. In wet grinding, the grmdingtool is rotated or otherwise moved, in contact with the cy in-' der wall surface and during this operation a lubricant (such as kerosene, or the like) is flowed on to the tool for reasons which will be well understood by those skilled in the art. This method has its advantages in that there is no flying abrasive dust and sufiicient lubrication is provided for smoothoperation and the desired finish. However, it also has its disadvantages, among which are the necessity of providing for the flow of the lubricant u on the tool in the cylinder, and a so-called a rasive sou is formed which must be-kept away from t e parts (valves, bearings, electric parts, etc. of the motor. Also, in the use of tools 0 this character for surfacing worn cylinders it is quite inconvenient for the operator to be required to handle, adjust the flow of, feed, etc. the lubricant to-the tool durin operation.

In ry grinding with a tool of the fore 0- ing character, the tool has been operated ry and without any lubricant. The advanta es of this method are the simplicity and facihty in o eration, fast cutting speed and the elimination of abrasive soup. However, the dry grinding methods heretofore employed have involved several disadvanta es, among which are rough finish due to lac of lubricent and the formation and, discharge of a cloud of abrasive dust durin operation. This dust settles upon the working parts of the motor, upon the working parts of the tool and upon nearby machines with. obvious harmful efiects, and it is also seriously injuriousto the lungs of the o erator.

One-of the main objects 0 our invention is to rovide a tool of the foregoing character which embodies all of the advantages of both the prior wet and dry grinding methods, but

use. Seria1' in, 442,781. Y

- which has an. of the disadvantages theme Another object is to provides. simple and inexpensive tool of the foregoing character which is capable of fast grinding with high efficiency, and which is quite economical m use with a consequent reduction in cost of the cylinder grinding operation. Our invention further provides a tool which is light in weight and easy to handle and which is capable of use over long periods of time with a igh degree of accuracy in performance;

and 1t provides a tool which requires a minimum of attention on thepart of the operator. I

A further'object is to provide acylinder grinding tool which operates with the required smoothness and which roduces the high quality of finish without t e use of a so-called wet lubricant.

An additional object is to provide a cyl-.

inder grinding tool which embodies abrasive and guide elements so treated with a semisolid lubricant that in operation the desired lubricating effect is accomplished with dry grinding advantages, the arrangement being such that the abrasive dust (is loaded or weighted down with the lubricant medium to such an extentthat it falls downward through the c linder bore (instead of being freed as dry dust) where it may be readily caught and disposed of.

A more specific object of our invention is to provide a dry grinding type of cylinder grinding tool which embodies abrasive ele- .ments and guidesformed of felt, or similar material, simultaneously ex ansible and contractible toward and away rom the cylinder wall surface, the guides, particularl (and in certain instances, the abrasive e ements stantially on line 2-.-2 of Fig. 1.

I of greater length Referring particularly to the tool shown in the drawing, it embodies a frame or body of cage-like construction com risin end plates 10 and 11 rigidly secured togetier in s aced relation by a plurality of tie bars 12.

he tie bars, in t is particular form of tool are sufiicient in number and are so arranged that there is provided a center space 13 with four radial assages 14 leading therefrom, each of the atter being adapted to receive abrasive or guide carriers 15, as the case may be. It will be understood that while I have shown my invention as applied to a tool of the foregoing character it is equally applicable to tools employi any desired number of abrasive and/or gui e carriers.

The carriers 15 are mounted in the passages 14 in such a manner that they are expansible and contractible for varying the working diameter of the tool. Each carrier consists of a body 16 having a head 17 on its outer edge which is reater in thickness than the body. The has of each carrier is channeled as at 18' to detachably receive and support in $1117 desired manner, an abrading stone, or si ar element, 18, or a guide element 19. Sole guidance and support for the carriers 15 is provided b the end plates 10, 11 as follows: Each en plate is rovided with ide grooves 20 which extend in radial direction substantially from the centers of the plates (or tool axis) to the outer'edges thereof, providing lon and dee supporting surfaces. The bod 0 each of t e carriers is than the distance between the end plates providi projecting tongues 16 at the ends of the odies which are of suitable size to fit snugly, but slidingly, in the end plate grooves 20.

The carriers are expanded and contracted in the followin manner: The body of each carrier is of cient depth for itsinner edge to extend into the center space 13 of the cage frame, and inclined surfaces 25, 26 are provided on such inner edges for co-action with adjustable wedging means-movable axially of the tool to control the working diameter thereof. By "such an arrangement, all of the carriers are adjustedsimultaneously and to similar extents with respect to the tool I axis. The adjusting means consists of a center stem 21 rotatably mounted on the axis of the tool and screw threaded at 22 to ad justably receive two wedgedanembers or cones 23, 24 of identical taper which cones engage the correspondingly inclined carrier b0 y surfaces 25, 26. Rotation of the cones 23, 24 is prevented, during the rotation of the adjusting stem 21, by means of a rod 27 carried by the end plates 10, 11 and engaging a groove 28 in each of the cones. The cones are, preferabl arranged in tandem vwith their small en s upward so that upon actua tion of the center stem 21 to move the cones 23, 24 to expand the carriers, such cones also wedge the carrier body ends in the end plate grooves, thereby provlding a strong, durable and ri id-type tool. The carriers are held presse inwardly against the cones 23, 24 by means of spring rings 29 which engage suitable rooves in the opposite ends of the carrier odies.

In the particular form of tool shown in the 5 drawing, it will be noted that, while the carrier bo ies are mounted substantially allel with the tool radius, they are eac so located that the median line thereof is offset rearwardl (with respect to direction of rotation-Fxg. 2r0tation clockwise) from the .tool radius; and, further, the abrasive and guide elements 18, 19 are solocated that their median lines are ofisetrearwardly from the median line of the carrier bodies. With this arran 'ement, an' tendency of the carriers to roc durin t e grinding operation will result in a relief in abrading pressure. Although I have shown the carriers mounted in the foregoing manner, it will be understood that suc carriers and the abrasive elements and guides may all be mounted directly on the tool radius, or the median line of the carrier body ma be located rearwardl of the tool radius with the median line of t e abrasive elements and guides located on the median line of the carrier body.

Movement of the center stem 21 to adjust the cones 23, 24 is accom lished b means of a rotatabl mounted a (Eating ial 30 secured to t e outwardly posed end'of the adjusting stem which rojects through the upper end plate 10. end plate 10 is provided on its u per side with a recess 31 which receives an confines a flat disk-shaped spring 32 through which the center stem 21 p A sleeve 33 is dis ed between the sprin 32 and the underside of the dial in so a way that in the assembled .position of these parts the sprin 32 is under slight compression. A cage-1' e drive head 84 is mounted upon the end plate 10 bymeans of screws 85 engaging suitable o nmgs in the end plate 10 and the head s 'rt 34. The drive head is provided with a parti-spherical end 35 which is rovided with a cross pin 36 for be onet-loc engagement with a suitable driv ing medium (not shown) The ca e-like construction of the head 34 pro- 1 vi es for ready access to the dial 30 for adjustment of the center stem 21 andcarriers 15. With the construction just described, the adjusting dial 30, stem 21 and cones are tensionally positioned as a unit, thereby tending during 0 eration to hold the grindin stones in abradm contact with the cylin er wall surface un er a continued grinding pressure throughout any particular adjustment setting, resulting in a more rapid grinding operation.

The tool structure so far described is well adapted for dry grindingl and my invention has to do mainly with t same, as well as various other orms of cylinder grinding tools, for dry grinding operations in such a wa as to attain the advantages of bothwet grinding and dry grinding, but with none of the disadvantages thereof.

In dry grinding tools heretofore employed, it has been customar to utilize two opposed carriers to support a rasive or grindin elements, and two additional and o pose carriers supporting uide elements whichhave no material abra ing effect) to properly position the tool with respect to'the cylinder wall surface so that the desired cylindrical finish will be obtained. In attempts heretofore made in this direction, thev guides have been formed of wood", cotton, belting, fibre and other similar materials. These prior used materials are objectionable for the reason, among others, that they do not wear away proportionately to the wear in the abrasive element. In tools of a character wherein the carriers are adjustable simultaneously to similar extents, this differential in wear prevents accurate simultaneous ad ustment of the guides and stones to effect proper rindand guiding contact with the c inder wa 1 surface, whereby in operating suc prior forms of tool it has been necessary to frequently remove the same from the cylinder and dress the guides and abrasive surfaces to approximate y the same projection before the tool will operate roperly. Our invention eliminates this 0 jectionable condition in addition to providin for the attainment of the advantages herein efore mentioned.

Specifically, we have found that these differential wear conditions can be eliminated.

by the use of a felt, or similar,.material for the guide elements, and by shaping the guide elements similarly-to the abrasive elements.

Extensive tests and experimentation have definitely shown that material of this character has the ability to wear in substantially the same proportion as the abrading elements which are customarily used.

Attainment of the advanta of both the wet grinding and dry grindm methods is provided for as follows: The fe t material is impregnated with. a lubricatin medium or compound, under conditions to explained e ada ting of the original condition.

and harden. The felt has the ability to retain intimately therein the semi-hardened lubricant medium without loss of the same due to centrifugal, or other, action set up in the movement of the tool in the cylinder.

A preferable lubricant compound which we have found to satisfactorily serve our purpose in the foregoing regard is tallow or paraifin, or like material, and graphite. Tallow and paraflin have lubricating qualities, and in a cooled state assumea semi-solid condition. U on being heated, they become sufliciently uid to readily penetrate the felt material and saturate the same. Tallow or paraifin or similar material, may be used alone as the lubricating agent for the felt; but for best results we prefer to add graphite thereto for increased lubricating qualities The raphite is added to the hot fluid-form tal ow or parafiin in that quantity which the fluid-like araflin or tallow will hold in suspension.

he felt ma be saturated or impregnated with the hot uid-form com und by immersing the' felt therein in any esired manner, or the felt material may be impregnated with this medium in any other suitable manner without departing from our invention( After this treatment the felt material is allowed to cool so that the medium therein will assume a semi-solid state. Our invention also contemplates similar treatment for the abrasive elements, although the abrasive element may not be capable of impregnation to the same extent as the felt material.

The semi-solid lubricating medium tends, in addition to its lubricating functions, to add a body to the felt material, strengthening and stiffening the same sufficiently to support it against free resiliency when it is in contact pregnating t e felt, or similar, material with a medium consisting of a mixture of linseed oil, benzine and graphite. The linseed oil has a tendency to set when cold and has a suificienty heavy body to tend to prevent throwo ofthe same during movement of the tool in the cylinder. The graphite adds lubricating qualities, as in the previous instances, and the benzine serves as a cutting agent for thinning the linseed oil suflicientl for it to readily netrate the felt materia The benzine quick y evaporates and leaves the linseed oil base in the felt material in its of the linseed oil is not necessary as will be well appreciated. The advantages of our invention will be obvious from the foregoing. The grinding.

In this instance heating the attendant fast cutti feature. The lubricant-impregnated gui es 'ap ly to the cyluinder wall surface a very thin In of the bricating medium which picks u the abrasion dust from the cylinder-wall sur ace and loads and weights the same so that itis-not thrown about romiscuously as free dry dust. There is no ormation of a fluid or abrasive soup. The lubricantathered abrasion dust, which takes a somew at greasy, lumpy or crumble form, falls directly down through the cylinder bore where it may be readily caught in any desired manner without thedanger of the same getting upon surrounding. arts or mechanism. The operator may do is work efiiciently without danger of injury to his lungs. This arrangement provides for cleanliness. The surrounding environment is not covered with dust as in prior cases of dry grinding. The objectionable smearing of abrasive soup is eliminated. The operator can employ his entire time in the manipulation of the tool in the cylinder and does not have to bear in mind proper lubrication. These advantages are attained without afiecting the ability ofthe tool to cut uniformly, smoothly and rapidly. Efiiciency of the tool is consi erably increased. The cost of operation of the tool as well as the ultimate cost of the cylinder grinding operation to the customer is materiall reduced. A tool is provided which is hght in weight and eas to handle and which is capable of use over ong periods of time with less than the customary wear in tools of this character. Heretofore, in attempts to et away from the difliculties experienced in t e use of rior methods, there have been developed and marketed receptacles for catching abrasive soup and suction or vacuum devices for carryin ofi free'abrasive dust. These, however, ad materially to the cost of equi ment. Our invention eliminates such devices with material saving in time, cost and investment.

Various changes in the fore oing details and arrangements of parts im treatments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of our invention as defined by the claims which follow.

We claim:-

1. In a tool of the character described, a body, abrading elements and non-abrasive guide elements carried by said body and adapted to engage the cylinder wall surface, said guide e ements being formed of a material which wears away at. a rate substantially as fast as said abrasive elements, and means for adjusting all of said elements simultaneously toward and from the cylinder Wall surface, said guide elementsbeing treated with a lubricating medium of a character which assumes a semi-hardened state when cooled, cylinder grinding lubrication being efi'ected solely thereby.

2. In a cylinder rinding tool, a frame, supporting adjustab e portlons adapted to engage the cylinder wall surface for guiding abra ing purposes, certain of said portions being non-abrasive in character and impreg nated with a lubricating medium which is applied to the cylinder wall surface by contact of said portions with such wall surface, and the remainder of said portions being abrasive in character.

3. In a cylinder rindin tool, a frame supporting adjustab e portions adapted to engage the cylinder wall surface for guidingabra ing purposes, certain of said portions being formed of a fibrous material 1mpregnated with a lubricating medium which is applied to the cylinder wall surface by contact of said fibrous material portions with such wall surface.

4. In a cylinder grinding tool, a frame supporting adjustable portions adapted to engage the cylinder wall surface for guidingabra ing purposes, certain of said portions being formed of a non-abrasive felt material impregnated with a lubricating medium which in its cooled state assumes a semi-solid condition and which is applied to the cylinder wall surface by contact of said felt material portions with such wall surface.

5. In a tool of the character described, a frame, abrading elements supported by said frame, lubricating guide elements supported by said frame, said latter elements being nona rasive and having the ability to wear away substantially as fast as said abrasive elements, and means for adjusting said elements into contact with the cylinder wall surface.

6. In a tool of the character described, a frame, abrading elements supported by said frame, lubricating uide elements supported by'said frame, said latter elements havin their cylinder contacting surface formed o a felt, or similar, material impregnated with a lubricating medium which assumes a semisolid state when cool and means for adjust-- in said elements into contact with the cy inder wall surface.

7. In a tool of the character described, a frame, abrading elements supported by said frame, lubricating guide elements supported by said frame and means for simultaneously adjusting said elements to similar extents into contact with the cylinder wall surface, A said guide elements being formed of a felt,

or similar, material having the ability to wear at substantially the same rate as the abrasive elements.

8. In a tool of the class described, a frame, carrier members supported by said frame, abrading elements supported by certain of said carrier members, means for adjusting said carrier members to bring said abrading elements into contact with the cylinder wall surface, and guide elements carried by other of said carrier members and impregnated with a lubricant for lubricating the cylinder wall surface bein ground.

9. In a tool 0 t e character described, a frame, abrading elements supported by said frame, means for adjusting sai elements into contact with the cylinder wall surface, and means carried by said frame for lubricatin the cylinder wall surface being ground, sai lubricating means also servin to guide and partially support the tool in t e cylinder.

10. In a tool of the character described, a frame, abradin elements supported by said frame, means for adjusting said elements into contact with the cylinder wall surface, and lubricant-impregnated felt, or similar, material carried b said frame and engaging the cylinder wall or lubricating the cylinder wall surface being ound.

11. In a tool of the character described, a frame, abradin elements sup rted by said frame, means or adjusting sai elements into contact with the cylinder wall surface, and lubricant-impregnated felt, or similar,

material carried b said frame and engagingthe cylinder wall or lubricating the cylinder wall surface bein ground, and means for supporting said fe t in contact with the cylin er wall to aid in iding and supporting the tool in the cylin er.

12. In a tool of the characterdescribed, a plurality of carriers adjustable to expand and contract the working diameter of the tool, abrading elements supported by certain of said carriers, and non-abrasive ide elements supported by the other of sai carriers, all said elements being adapted to engage the cylinder wall surface, said guide elements being formed of a felt, or like material impregnated with a lubricant me ium.

13. In a tool of the character described a plurality of carriers adjustable to ex and v and contract the working diameter 0 the elements being formed of a felt, or like material impregnated with a lubricant medium, which when cool assumes a semi-solid condition so as to not be thrown off from said guides during the movement of the tool and which when converted to fluid form readil penetrates and saturatesthe felt materia 14. In a tool of the character described, a plurality of carriers adjustable to ex and and contract the working diameter 0 the tool, abrading elements sup rted by certain of said carriers, and guide e ements supported'by other of said carriers, all said elements being'adapted -to engage the cylinder wall surface, said guide elements being formed of-a felt. or,like, material which has the ability to wear away substantially at the same rate as said abrasive elements, said felt maof a non-abrasive character cooperating with the abrasive element to position the tool in the cylinder, said guide element being saturated with a lubricant which is applied to the surface being treated by the grinding motion of the tool and under the influence of heat developed by friction between said guide element and said surface.

16. In a tool of the character described,

an abrading element en ageable with the cylinder wall surface, an a self-lubricating guide element cooperating with the abrasive element to position the tool in the cylinder, said guide element being formed of felt, or similar, material which has the ability to wear at substantially the same rate as the abrasive element and said felt material being impregnated with a lubricating medium semi-solid in its normal condition for effecting grinding lubrication and for preventing release of free inding dust.

17. In a tool of the c ass described, a plurality of abrasive members. adapted to em gage the surface to be dressed, and a lurality of lubricant-impregnated guide e ements adapted to engage the surface to be treated aheadof said abrasive elements and to deposit a film of lubricant on the surface to be dressed before abrasion takes lace to prevent free release of abrasion ust.

.18. In a tool of the class described, a frame, a plurality of abrasive members carried thereby and adapted to engage the surface to be dressed,a plurality of lubricantimpregnated guide elements carried b said frame and adapted to engage the sur ace to be treated ahead of said abrasive elements and to deposit a film of lubricant on the surface to be dressed before abrasion takes place, and means for simultaneously adjusting all said elements to similar extents.

I 19. In combination in a tool of the class described, an abrasive cylinder wall contacting portion and a non-abrasive cylinder wall contacting portion which takes the form of a piece of feltmaterial impregnated with a semi-solid lubricating medium, both said portions being adjustable to-vary the working size of the tool.

20. In combination in a tool ing portion and a non-abrasive cylinder wall contacting portion which takes the form of a piece of felt material impregnated with a lubricating medium including tallow, or the of the class described, an abrasive cylinder wall contactadj ustably en like material, and means for adjusting said portions to ex and and contract the tool.

21.- In combination in a tool of the class described, an abrasive cylinder wall contacting portion, and a non-abrasive cylinder wall contacting portion which takes the form of a iece of felt material impregnated with a lugricatin medium inclu in tallow, or

like materia and graphite and rame means porting both said portions.

22. In com mation in a tool of the class described, an abrasive cylinder wall contacting portion, and a nonrasive cylinder wall contactin ortion which takes the form of a iece 0% elt material im regnated with a In ricating medium inclu 'ng tallow and graphite the quantity of said graphite used ein substantially that which said tallow will old in sus ension in a heated and fluid condition, and rame means adjustably supporting both said ortions.

23. n combinatlon in a tool of the class described, an abrasive c linder wall contacting portion and a non-a rasive cylinder wall contactin portion which takes the form of a iece o elt material impregnated with a lu ricating medium including linseed oil and graphite.

24. In combination in a tool of the class described, an abrasive c linder wall contacting portion and 'a non-a rasive cylinder wall contactin portion which takes the form of a piece 0 felt material treated with a lubricating medium including linseed oil, benzine and graphite. 1

25. In combination in a tool of the class described, an abrasive, lubricant-impregnated cylinder wall contacting portion, a nonabrasive cylinder wall contactin portion which takes the form of a piece of elt material impregnated with a semisolid lubricated medium, and means for adjustably supporting both said portions for expansion and contraction movements. p p a 26. A cylinder wall contacting guide for a cylinder inding tool which comprises a bodfi portion adapted for adjustable support in t e tool and a non-abrasive linder wall contacting element carried by said body and formed of fibrous material of a normally compressible nature, said material being impregnated with a semi-solid lubricant stiffenmg and strengthenin the same against comression forces and or appl ing afilm of ubricating medium to the cylinder wall surface by directl contactin and assin over the latter. y g p g 27. A wall-contacting unit for a tool of the class described which comprises a supporting member having a channel in its outer surface adjacent the wall surfaceto be treated, and a non-abrasive element secured in said channel and projecting therefrom for engagement with the wall surface to be treat- 06 ed, said element being formed of a fibrous material impregnated with a lubricant which is applied to the wall surface by the operating contact of said element therewith.

28. A wall-contacting unit for a tool of the class described which comprises a supporting member having a channel in its outer surface adjacent the wall surface to be treated, and a non-abrasive element secured in said channel and projectin therefrom for engagement with the wal surface to be treated, said element being formed of comparatively rigid felt material havin the ability to wear away substantially as ast as an abrasive material.

29. A removable and replaceable wallcontacting unit for a tool of the class described which comprises a relatively stifi' metallic supportin member having an elongated channel therein which opens outwardly toward the wall surface to be treated, and a non-abrasive element fixedly secured in and extending substantially throughout the length of said channel and projecting from the open side thereof for enga ement with the surface to be treated, said e ement being so formed of a felt material impregnated wit a semi-solid lubricating medium.

30. An adjustable unit for a-tool of the class described which comprises an elongated carrier member having a channel in its outer edge surface, its inner edge bein adapted for operative connection to expan mg means, a rigid channeled member mounted in the channel of said carrier member, and a wall-contactin element mounted in the channel of said c anneled member and having a part projected for en agement with the wall surface to be treat said element being formed of a fibrous non-abrasive material impregnated with a lubricating medium and which is of a character having the ability. to wear away substantially at the rate of an abrasive material.

31. In a tool of the character described, a plurality of carriers adjustable tov expand and contract the tool to different diameters, abrading elements carried by certain of said carriers and non-abrasive guide elements car- I ried by other of said carriers, all said ele-v ments being adapted to engage the cylinder wall surface, said guide elements bein formed of felt material treated with a sti ening material to give said elements a sufiicient y rigid body to prevent collapsing of the same under grinding pressure contact.

32. In a tool of the character described, a plurality of carriers adjustable to expand and contract the tool to different diameters, abrading elements carried by certain of said carriers'and non-abrasive guide elements carried by other of said-carriers, all said elements being adapted to engage the cylinder wall surface, said guide elements bein formed of medium-hard felt material treate with a stiffening agent to give said elements 130 a suificiently rigid bod; to prevent collapsing of the same under grinding ressure contact and to provide a carrier-gui e-surface which will wear away substantially the same as the said abrading elements.

In witness whereof, we have subscribed our names.

FREDERICK G. WAOKER. HERMAN W. ZIMMERMAN. 

